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Although not a concrete explanation, this is perhaps the clearest connection between the saint and the celebrations by candlelight today. So, what do the candles and the name Lucia actually signify in this celebration? Etymologically, Lucia derives from the Latin word lux, meaning light. The “Lucia” also wears a crown of candles on her head, often real, but sometimes electric. The procession is led by a girl representing Lucia. Today, the Nordic Lucia tradition centres around a procession of women clad in white gowns and red sashes, each holding a candle. It was thought that gnomes, trolls and spirits roamed the earth from that night until Christmas.
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The traditions observed today can be traced back to 18th century Sweden, but the present-day form of the celebration originated in Sweden and Norway in the first half of the 20th century, replacing the Lussinatt/Lussenatt tradition which marked the longest night of the year. While most Nordic Christmas customs are in keeping with Protestant traditions, Saint Lucia’s – as the saint is known in Nordic countries – day is a popular celebration. Saint Lucy is a Catholic saint who died in the 4th century: she is considered a Christian martyr and her feast day is celebrated elsewhere, too – the Nordic celebration has little to do with current Catholic traditions. It is Saint Lucy’s or Lucia’s day: a somewhat unlikely but popular tradition observed widely in Sweden, Norway, Finland and Denmark, and to a lesser degree in Iceland. In many Nordic countries, the 13th of December starts with candlelight in darkness, songs and saffron buns.